NETWORK TOOLS
TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN:
1.
Mahasiswa mampu menggunakan tools
jaringan yang ada.
2.
Mahasiswa
memahami perintah – perintah dasar konfigurasi jaringan
3.
Mahasiswa
memahami konsep layering
DASAR TEORI
Dalam melakukan tugas-tugas
administrasi sistem, administrator sistem mau tidak mau akan banyak berhubungan
dengan tools – tools pendukung. Tanpa bantuan tool ini pekerjaan administrasi
akan sulit dijalankan.
Network Management
Etherman
Etherman / Etherape adalah tools untuk memonitor
jaringan dengan tampilan grafis. Tools ini dilengkapi dengan kemampuan
menghasilkan grafik dari lapisan jaringan, mode IP dan TCP, serta menampilkan
kegiatan network (jaringan) secara grafis. Kita dapat memfilter traffic apa
saja yang mau ditampilkan secara grafis.
Tcp wrapper
TCP
wrapper adalah sistem yang menyediakan
fasilitas seperti firewall. Sebuah host (dengan beberapa service) diisolasi
dari jaringan luar. Fungsi yang disediakan seperti log dari request dan access
control.
Xmotd
Dipakai menuliskan atau menampilkan
Message of the day, untuk setiap user yang login.
Samba
Memungkinkan melakukan sharing file antar Sistem Operasi
(OS).
Swatch
Swatch yang merupakan kependekan dari
"Simple Watcher" dibuat untuk melakukan monitoring aktifitas dari
suatu sistem, swatch akan berjalan sesuai dengan konfigurasi, di file inilah
nantinya "pattern" yang akan di monitor dan aksi yang akan di lakukan
apabila sesuai di definisikan/tentukan.
Dig
query server domain
Host
Memperoleh informasi nama domain
Nslookup
Tcp Dump
Mengcapture packet
Traceroute
Melakukan trace terhadap rute paket
IP dari sistem ke sistem tujuan
Sniffit
Tools memberikan informasi detail tentang
semua traffic jaringan
Tugas Pendahuluan :
Jelaskan cara penggunaan command dibawah ini beserta option yang digunakan dan artinya !
·
LSPCI
Merupakan tools yang berada pada layer 1, dipakai untuk mengecek apakah interface jaringannya sudah terpasang atau belum. Apabila ditemukan Network controller atau Ethernel controller, artinya perangkat jaringan sudah siap digunakan.
Merupakan tools yang berada pada layer 1, dipakai untuk mengecek apakah interface jaringannya sudah terpasang atau belum. Apabila ditemukan Network controller atau Ethernel controller, artinya perangkat jaringan sudah siap digunakan.
·
MII-TOOL
Untuk melihat apakah linknya sudah ada atau belum
Untuk melihat apakah linknya sudah ada atau belum
·
ARP
Merupakan tools yang dipakai untuk melihat alamat NIC dari komputer yang terkoneksi secara langsung dengan kita.
Merupakan tools yang dipakai untuk melihat alamat NIC dari komputer yang terkoneksi secara langsung dengan kita.
·
IFCONFIG
Command
yang dipakai untuk melihat interface dan alamat yang diberikan ke interface
tersebut
·
ROUTE
Memeriksa tabel routing, menambah dan menghapus tabel routing
Memeriksa tabel routing, menambah dan menghapus tabel routing
·
PING
Memeriksa koneksi dengan protokol ICMP
Memeriksa koneksi dengan protokol ICMP
·
TRACEROUTE
Memeriksa tahapan koneksi
Memeriksa tahapan koneksi
·
MTR
Command gabungan ping dan traceroute
Command gabungan ping dan traceroute
·
NETSTAT
Untuk mengetahui port berapa saja yang terbuka untuk koneksi pada PC
Untuk mengetahui port berapa saja yang terbuka untuk koneksi pada PC
·
NETCONFIG
Command untuk konfigurasi ip secara permanen
Command untuk konfigurasi ip secara permanen
Hasil Percobaan
1.
Jalankan
perintah “dmesg | grep eth”, catat dan analisa hasilnya. Jika tidak ada
keluaran konfirmasikan ke dosen/asisten praktikum.
[
4.807601] eth0: Tigon3 [partno(BCM95764m) rev 5784100] (PCI Express) MAC
address 00:26:22:15:d6:77
[ 4.807606] eth0: attached PHY is 5784 (10/100/1000Base-T Ethernet) (WireSpeed[1])
[ 4.807608] eth0: RXcsums[1] LinkChgREG[0] MIirq[0] ASF[0] TSOcap[1]
[ 4.807611] eth0: dma_rwctrl[76180000] dma_mask[64-bit]
[ 15.367720] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready
[ 463.903985] tg3: eth0: Link is up at 100 Mbps, full duplex.
[ 463.903990] tg3: eth0: Flow control is on for TX and on for RX.
[ 463.904304] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready
[ 465.104895] tg3: eth0: Link is down.
[ 473.341115] tg3: eth0: Link is up at 100 Mbps, full duplex.
[ 473.341120] tg3: eth0: Flow control is on for TX and on for RX.
[ 474.147381] tg3: eth0: Link is down.
[ 474.612621] eth0: no IPv6 routers present
[ 475.920667] tg3: eth0: Link is up at 100 Mbps, full duplex.
[ 475.920672] tg3: eth0: Flow control is on for TX and on for RX.
[ 477.340760] tg3: eth0: Link is down.
[ 495.130885] tg3: eth0: Link is up at 100 Mbps, full duplex.
[ 495.130890] tg3: eth0: Flow control is on for TX and on for RX.
[ 495.352259] tg3: eth0: Link is down.
[ 496.913501] tg3: eth0: Link is up at 100 Mbps, full duplex.
[ 496.913506] tg3: eth0: Flow control is on for TX and on for RX.
[ 4.807606] eth0: attached PHY is 5784 (10/100/1000Base-T Ethernet) (WireSpeed[1])
[ 4.807608] eth0: RXcsums[1] LinkChgREG[0] MIirq[0] ASF[0] TSOcap[1]
[ 4.807611] eth0: dma_rwctrl[76180000] dma_mask[64-bit]
[ 15.367720] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready
[ 463.903985] tg3: eth0: Link is up at 100 Mbps, full duplex.
[ 463.903990] tg3: eth0: Flow control is on for TX and on for RX.
[ 463.904304] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready
[ 465.104895] tg3: eth0: Link is down.
[ 473.341115] tg3: eth0: Link is up at 100 Mbps, full duplex.
[ 473.341120] tg3: eth0: Flow control is on for TX and on for RX.
[ 474.147381] tg3: eth0: Link is down.
[ 474.612621] eth0: no IPv6 routers present
[ 475.920667] tg3: eth0: Link is up at 100 Mbps, full duplex.
[ 475.920672] tg3: eth0: Flow control is on for TX and on for RX.
[ 477.340760] tg3: eth0: Link is down.
[ 495.130885] tg3: eth0: Link is up at 100 Mbps, full duplex.
[ 495.130890] tg3: eth0: Flow control is on for TX and on for RX.
[ 495.352259] tg3: eth0: Link is down.
[ 496.913501] tg3: eth0: Link is up at 100 Mbps, full duplex.
[ 496.913506] tg3: eth0: Flow control is on for TX and on for RX.
2.
Lepaskan kabel jaringan, lakukan perintah
mii-tool
root@lab-3-laptop:/home/lab-3#
mii-tool
eth0: no link
eth0: no link
3.
Pasangkan lagi kabel jaringan dan lakukan
perintah mii-tool
root@lab-3-laptop:/home/lab-3#
mii-tool
eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD flow-control, link ok
eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD flow-control, link ok
4.
Catat hasil dari perintah “lspci” sebelum dan
sesudah melepas kabel
sebelum :
root@lab-3-laptop:/home/lab-3# lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Mobile 4 Series Chipset Memory Controller Hub (rev 07)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 07)
00:02.1 Display controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 07)
00:1a.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4 (rev 03)
00:1a.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5 (rev 03)
00:1a.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2 (rev 03)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) HD Audio Controller (rev 03)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 1 (rev 03)
00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 2 (rev 03)
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 3 (rev 03)
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 5 (rev 03)
00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 03)
00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 03)
00:1d.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 03)
00:1d.3 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #6 (rev 03)
00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1 (rev 03)
00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge (rev 93)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation ICH9M LPC Interface Controller (rev 03)
00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation ICH9M/M-E 2 port SATA IDE Controller (rev 03)
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) SMBus Controller (rev 03)
00:1f.5 IDE interface: Intel Corporation ICH9M/M-E 2 port SATA IDE Controller (rev 03)
00:1f.6 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) Thermal Subsystem (rev 03)
04:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Wireless WiFi Link 5100
05:00.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme BCM5764M Gigabit Ethernet PCIe (rev 10)
07:00.0 System peripheral: JMicron Technology Corp. SD/MMC Host Controller
07:00.2 SD Host controller: JMicron Technology Corp. Standard SD Host Controller
07:00.3 System peripheral: JMicron Technology Corp. MS Host Controller
07:00.4 System peripheral: JMicron Technology Corp. xD Host Controller
08:00.0 CardBus bridge: O2 Micro, Inc. OZ601/6912/711E0 CardBus/SmartCardBus Controller (rev 40)
root@lab-3-laptop:/home/lab-3# lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Mobile 4 Series Chipset Memory Controller Hub (rev 07)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 07)
00:02.1 Display controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 07)
00:1a.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4 (rev 03)
00:1a.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5 (rev 03)
00:1a.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2 (rev 03)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) HD Audio Controller (rev 03)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 1 (rev 03)
00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 2 (rev 03)
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 3 (rev 03)
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 5 (rev 03)
00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 03)
00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 03)
00:1d.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 03)
00:1d.3 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #6 (rev 03)
00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1 (rev 03)
00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge (rev 93)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation ICH9M LPC Interface Controller (rev 03)
00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation ICH9M/M-E 2 port SATA IDE Controller (rev 03)
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) SMBus Controller (rev 03)
00:1f.5 IDE interface: Intel Corporation ICH9M/M-E 2 port SATA IDE Controller (rev 03)
00:1f.6 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) Thermal Subsystem (rev 03)
04:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Wireless WiFi Link 5100
05:00.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme BCM5764M Gigabit Ethernet PCIe (rev 10)
07:00.0 System peripheral: JMicron Technology Corp. SD/MMC Host Controller
07:00.2 SD Host controller: JMicron Technology Corp. Standard SD Host Controller
07:00.3 System peripheral: JMicron Technology Corp. MS Host Controller
07:00.4 System peripheral: JMicron Technology Corp. xD Host Controller
08:00.0 CardBus bridge: O2 Micro, Inc. OZ601/6912/711E0 CardBus/SmartCardBus Controller (rev 40)
sesudah :
root@lab-3-laptop:/home/lab-3# lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Mobile 4 Series Chipset Memory Controller Hub (rev 07)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 07)
00:02.1 Display controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 07)
00:1a.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4 (rev 03)
00:1a.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5 (rev 03)
00:1a.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2 (rev 03)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) HD Audio Controller (rev 03)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 1 (rev 03)
root@lab-3-laptop:/home/lab-3# lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Mobile 4 Series Chipset Memory Controller Hub (rev 07)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 07)
00:02.1 Display controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 07)
00:1a.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4 (rev 03)
00:1a.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5 (rev 03)
00:1a.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2 (rev 03)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) HD Audio Controller (rev 03)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 1 (rev 03)
07:00.3 System
peripheral: JMicron Technology Corp. MS Host Controller
07:00.4 System peripheral: JMicron Technology Corp. xD Host Controller
08:00.0 CardBus bridge: O2 Micro, Inc. OZ601/6912/711E0 CardBus/SmartCardBus Controller (rev 40)
07:00.4 System peripheral: JMicron Technology Corp. xD Host Controller
08:00.0 CardBus bridge: O2 Micro, Inc. OZ601/6912/711E0 CardBus/SmartCardBus Controller (rev 40)
5.
jalankan
perintah ”arp –a” dan catat hasilnya , buka beberapa terminal baru lagi dan jalankan
perintah ”ping no_ip_tujuan” ke beberapa komputer sebelah (tanya nomor IP
tersebut ke teman). Pada terminal pertama lakukan perintah arp –a sekali lagi .
Catat hasilnya dan bandingkan dengan hasil arp yang pertama, analisa hasilnya
burton.ti.polnes.ac.id
(172.10.0.154) at 00:15:17:5f:db:ec [ether] on eth0
? (172.10.0.1) at 68:ef:bd:50:7c:3f [ether] on eth0
burton.ti.polnes.ac.id (172.10.0.154) at 00:15:17:5f:db:ec [ether] on eth0
lab3-pc21-laptop.local (172.10.0.11) at 00:26:22:1d:3f:80 [ether] on eth0
? (172.10.0.1) at 68:ef:bd:50:7c:3f [ether] on eth0
? (172.10.0.1) at 68:ef:bd:50:7c:3f [ether] on eth0
burton.ti.polnes.ac.id (172.10.0.154) at 00:15:17:5f:db:ec [ether] on eth0
lab3-pc21-laptop.local (172.10.0.11) at 00:26:22:1d:3f:80 [ether] on eth0
? (172.10.0.1) at 68:ef:bd:50:7c:3f [ether] on eth0
6.
Jalankan perintah ”ifconfig”, catat hasilnya.
eth0
Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:26:22:15:d6:77
inet addr:172.10.0.77 Bcast:172.10.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::226:22ff:fe15:d677/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:20856 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:8166 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:12814720 (12.8 MB) TX bytes:599789 (599.7 KB)
Interrupt:18
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:79 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:79 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:6152 (6.1 KB) TX bytes:6152 (6.1 KB)
wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1e:65:73:d8:18
inet6 addr: fe80::21e:65ff:fe73:d818/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:588 (588.0 B)
inet addr:172.10.0.77 Bcast:172.10.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::226:22ff:fe15:d677/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:20856 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:8166 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:12814720 (12.8 MB) TX bytes:599789 (599.7 KB)
Interrupt:18
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:79 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:79 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:6152 (6.1 KB) TX bytes:6152 (6.1 KB)
wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1e:65:73:d8:18
inet6 addr: fe80::21e:65ff:fe73:d818/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:588 (588.0 B)
7.
Jalankan perintah route –n, catat hasilnya.
root@lab-3-laptop:/home/lab-3# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
172.10.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0
169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 172.10.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
172.10.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0
169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 172.10.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
8. Pastikan anda
terhubung ke internet, mintalah tolong ke dosen/asisten praktikum jika belum
bisa terhubung ke internet.
9.
Jalankan
perintah ”traceroute” dan ”mtr” ke :
- 202.154.187.3
- www.eepis-its.edu
- www.yahoo.com
root@lab-3-laptop:/home/lab-3#
traceroute 202.154.187.3
traceroute to 202.154.187.3 (202.154.187.3), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 172.10.0.1 (172.10.0.1) 188.118 ms 188.272 ms 188.463 ms
2 192.168.212.9 (192.168.212.9) 1.014 ms 1.018 ms 1.005 ms
3 193.subnet118-97-208.static.astinet.telkom.net.id (118.97.208.193) 1.733 ms 1.838 ms 2.029 ms
4 218.100.32.157 (218.100.32.157) 19.170 ms 19.145 ms 19.100 ms
5 218.100.32.182 (218.100.32.182) 19.123 ms 19.118 ms 19.094 ms
6 202.154.187.242 (202.154.187.242) 20.841 ms 19.994 ms 19.983 ms
7 * * *
8 * * *
9 * * *
10 * * *
11 * * *
12 * * *
13 * * *
14 * * *
15 * * *
16 * * *
17 * * *
18 * * *
19 * * *
20 * * *
21 * * *
22 * * *
23 * * *
24 * * *
25 * * *
26 * * *
27 * * *
28 * * *
29 * * *
30 * * *
mtr:
esolver: Received error response 2. (server failure)er of fields quit
Packets Pings
Host Loss% Snt Last Avg Best Wrst StDev
1. 172.10.0.1 50.0% 12 192.8 197.3 162.5 227.1 21.8
2. 192.168.212.9 0.0% 12 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.0
3. 193.subnet118-97-208.static.astinet.telkom.n 8.3% 12 1.6 18.4 1.1 180.0 53.7
4. 218.100.32.157 25.0% 12 18.6 18.6 18.4 18.8 0.1
5. 218.100.32.182 8.3% 12 18.7 19.1 18.6 20.3 0.6
6. 202.154.187.242 8.3% 12 20.0 19.9
18.9 21.3 0.8
traceroute to 202.154.187.3 (202.154.187.3), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 172.10.0.1 (172.10.0.1) 188.118 ms 188.272 ms 188.463 ms
2 192.168.212.9 (192.168.212.9) 1.014 ms 1.018 ms 1.005 ms
3 193.subnet118-97-208.static.astinet.telkom.net.id (118.97.208.193) 1.733 ms 1.838 ms 2.029 ms
4 218.100.32.157 (218.100.32.157) 19.170 ms 19.145 ms 19.100 ms
5 218.100.32.182 (218.100.32.182) 19.123 ms 19.118 ms 19.094 ms
6 202.154.187.242 (202.154.187.242) 20.841 ms 19.994 ms 19.983 ms
7 * * *
8 * * *
9 * * *
10 * * *
11 * * *
12 * * *
13 * * *
14 * * *
15 * * *
16 * * *
17 * * *
18 * * *
19 * * *
20 * * *
21 * * *
22 * * *
23 * * *
24 * * *
25 * * *
26 * * *
27 * * *
28 * * *
29 * * *
30 * * *
mtr:
esolver: Received error response 2. (server failure)er of fields quit
Packets Pings
Host Loss% Snt Last Avg Best Wrst StDev
1. 172.10.0.1 50.0% 12 192.8 197.3 162.5 227.1 21.8
2. 192.168.212.9 0.0% 12 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.0
3. 193.subnet118-97-208.static.astinet.telkom.n 8.3% 12 1.6 18.4 1.1 180.0 53.7
4. 218.100.32.157 25.0% 12 18.6 18.6 18.4 18.8 0.1
5. 218.100.32.182 8.3% 12 18.7 19.1 18.6 20.3 0.6
6. 202.154.187.242 8.3% 12 20.0 19.9
18.9 21.3 0.8
10.
Buka
halaman http://www.eepis-its.edu
dengan
web browser, kemudian sebelum koneksi selesai, buka terminal dan catat hasil
koneksi dengan perintah “netstat -natu”
root@lab-3-laptop:/home/lab-3#
netstat -natu
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 1 172.10.0.13:57809 91.189.92.188:80 SYN_SENT
tcp 0 1 172.10.0.13:36851 202.9.85.27:80 SYN_SENT
tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:39123 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:*
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 1 172.10.0.13:57809 91.189.92.188:80 SYN_SENT
tcp 0 1 172.10.0.13:36851 202.9.85.27:80 SYN_SENT
tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:39123 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:*
11.
Jalankan perintah
netconfig, isikan data berikut ip: 192.168.1.xx (xx mulai 1-254, koordinasikan
dengan teman anda agar tidak ada yang memakai nomor yang anda ambil. Isikan
juga netmask :255.255.255.0 yang lain dikosongi terlebih dahulu dan tekan
tombol OK.
ganti ip 192.168.1.33
12.
Selanjutnya
jalankan perintah ifconfig catat hasilnya. Bandingkan dengan ketika anda
menjalankan perintah ifconfig pada nomor 6, apa hasilnya ?
root@lab-3-laptop:/home/lab-3#
ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:26:22:15:d6:77
inet addr:192.168.1.33 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::226:22ff:fe15:d677/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:57192 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:18899 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:23261533 (23.2 MB) TX bytes:1519959 (1.5 MB)
Interrupt:18
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:100 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:100 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:7792 (7.7 KB) TX bytes:7792 (7.7 KB)
wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1e:65:73:d8:18
inet6 addr: fe80::21e:65ff:fe73:d818/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:588 (588.0 B)
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:26:22:15:d6:77
inet addr:192.168.1.33 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::226:22ff:fe15:d677/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:57192 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:18899 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:23261533 (23.2 MB) TX bytes:1519959 (1.5 MB)
Interrupt:18
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:100 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:100 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:7792 (7.7 KB) TX bytes:7792 (7.7 KB)
wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1e:65:73:d8:18
inet6 addr: fe80::21e:65ff:fe73:d818/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:588 (588.0 B)
13.
Jalankan perintah
netstat, catat hasilnya
unix
3 [
]
STREAM CONNECTED
9676 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9675
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9673 @/tmp/dbus-jDlgs11fvC
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9672
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9670 @/tmp/.X11-unix/X0
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9669
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9666 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-679-0-7c1a987ed927b
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9665
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9664 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-648-0-4780ded16fd4
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9663
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9638 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-679-0-7c1a987ed927b
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9637
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9634 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-602-0-1a9248229b08d
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9633
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9631 @/tmp/dbus-jDlgs11fvC
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9630
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9629 @/tmp/.ICE-unix/1497
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9628
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9622 @/tmp/.X11-unix/X0
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9621
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9452 @/tmp/dbus-jDlgs11fvC
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9451
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9445 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9444
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9442 @/tmp/.X11-unix/X0
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9441
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9406 @/tmp/.ICE-unix/1497
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9405
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9377 @/tmp/.X11-unix/X0
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9376
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9286 @/tmp/dbus-jDlgs11fvC
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9285
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9284 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-66f-0-6b224a0138c93
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9283
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9280 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-602-0-1a9248229b08d
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9279
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9272 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9271
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9267 @/tmp/dbus-jDlgs11fvC
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9266
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9263 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-66d-0-7a0c7a9a2f4cd
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9262
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9259 /tmp/orbit-lab-jDlgs11fvC
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9235
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9234 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-61e-0-ec98aa849b4f
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9233
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9227 @/tmp/dbus-jDlgs11fvC
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9226
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9224 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-61e-0-ec98aa849b4f
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9223
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9217 @/tmp/dbus-jDlgs11fvC
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9216
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9215 /home/lab-3/.pulse/ee9de65652d17935bec1e95450642887-runtime/native
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9214
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9206 @/tmp/dbus-jDlgs11fvC
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9205
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9195 @/tmp/dbus-jDlgs11fvC
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9194
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9177 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9176
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9175 @/tmp/dbus-jDlgs11fvC
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9174
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9167 @/tmp/dbus-jDlgs11fvC
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9166
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9146 @/tmp/dbus-jDlgs11fvC
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9145
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9144 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-61e-0-ec98aa849b4f
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9143
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9142 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-61e-0-ec98aa849b4f
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9141
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9139 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-65f-0-1c48dce11b5cf
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9138
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9140 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-660-0-44c81dbd1aaba
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9137
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9136 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-661-0-70c4d47ee498b
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9135
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9134 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-65b-0-59864f4fe22d3
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9133
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9130 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-65f-0-1c48dce11b5cf
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9129
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9128 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-602-0-1a9248229b08d
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9675
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9673 @/tmp/dbus-jDlgs11fvC
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9672
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9670 @/tmp/.X11-unix/X0
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9669
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9666 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-679-0-7c1a987ed927b
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9665
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9664 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-648-0-4780ded16fd4
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9663
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9638 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-679-0-7c1a987ed927b
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9637
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9634 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-602-0-1a9248229b08d
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9633
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9631 @/tmp/dbus-jDlgs11fvC
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9630
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9629 @/tmp/.ICE-unix/1497
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9628
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9622 @/tmp/.X11-unix/X0
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9621
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9452 @/tmp/dbus-jDlgs11fvC
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9451
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9445 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9444
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9442 @/tmp/.X11-unix/X0
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9441
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9406 @/tmp/.ICE-unix/1497
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9405
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9377 @/tmp/.X11-unix/X0
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9376
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9286 @/tmp/dbus-jDlgs11fvC
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9285
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9284 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-66f-0-6b224a0138c93
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9283
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9280 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-602-0-1a9248229b08d
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9279
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9272 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9271
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9267 @/tmp/dbus-jDlgs11fvC
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9266
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9263 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-66d-0-7a0c7a9a2f4cd
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9262
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9259 /tmp/orbit-lab-jDlgs11fvC
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9235
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9234 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-61e-0-ec98aa849b4f
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9233
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9227 @/tmp/dbus-jDlgs11fvC
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9226
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9224 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-61e-0-ec98aa849b4f
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9223
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9217 @/tmp/dbus-jDlgs11fvC
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9216
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9215 /home/lab-3/.pulse/ee9de65652d17935bec1e95450642887-runtime/native
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9214
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9206 @/tmp/dbus-jDlgs11fvC
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9205
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9195 @/tmp/dbus-jDlgs11fvC
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9194
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9177 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9176
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9175 @/tmp/dbus-jDlgs11fvC
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9174
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9167 @/tmp/dbus-jDlgs11fvC
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9166
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9146 @/tmp/dbus-jDlgs11fvC
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9145
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9144 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-61e-0-ec98aa849b4f
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9143
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9142 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-61e-0-ec98aa849b4f
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9141
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9139 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-65f-0-1c48dce11b5cf
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9138
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9140 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-660-0-44c81dbd1aaba
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9137
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9136 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-661-0-70c4d47ee498b
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9135
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9134 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-65b-0-59864f4fe22d3
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9133
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9130 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-65f-0-1c48dce11b5cf
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9129
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 9128 /tmp/orbit-lab-3/linc-602-0-1a9248229b08d
/var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 4298
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 4291
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 4290
unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 4287
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 4229 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 4228
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 4224
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 4223
unix 3 [ ] DGRAM 2738
unix 3 [ ] DGRAM 2737
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 2701 @/com/ubuntu/upstart
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 2700
root@lab-3-laptop:/home/lab-3# /etc/init.d/networking restart
* Reconfiguring network interfaces... [ OK ]
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 4298
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 4291
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 4290
unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 4287
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 4229 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 4228
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 4224
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 4223
unix 3 [ ] DGRAM 2738
unix 3 [ ] DGRAM 2737
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 2701 @/com/ubuntu/upstart
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 2700
root@lab-3-laptop:/home/lab-3# /etc/init.d/networking restart
* Reconfiguring network interfaces... [ OK ]
Daftar Pertanyaan :
1.
Berikan kesimpulan hasil praktikum
yang anda lakukan untuk masing-masing perintah.
2.
Berdasarkan hasil catatan praktikum
anda, perintah lspci apa maksud keluaran itu
3.
Berdasarkan hasil catatan praktikum
anda khususnya perintah mii-tool apa maksud keluaran itu
4.
Berdasarkan hasil catatan praktikum
anda khususnya perintah arp -a apa maksud hasil keluaran itu
5.
Berdasarkan hasil catatan praktikum
anda khususnya perintah ifconfig apa maksud hasil keluaran itu
6.
Berdasarkan hasil catatan praktikum
anda khususnya perintah route -n apa maksud hasil keluaran itu
7.
Berdasarkan hasil catatan praktikum
anda khususnya perintah traceroute apa maksud hasil keluaran itu
8.
Berdasarkan hasil catatan praktikum
anda khususnya perintah mtr apa maksud hasil keluaran itu
9.
Berdasarkan hasil catatan praktikum anda
khususnya perintah netstat apa maksud hasil keluaran itu
Jawab :
Jawab :
1.
Dengan melihat hasil praktikum yang telah
dilakukan , maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa
setiap perintah memiliki fungsi yang spesifik. Kondisi jaringan juga dapat menentukkan
hasil dari perintah tersebut, hasil percobaan akan berbeda jika sedang
terkoneksi pada jaringan dan ketika tidak terkoneksi
2.
Perintah lspci berfungsi untuk memeriksa apakah interface pada
jaringannya sudah terpasang atau tidak. Apabila ditemukan Network controller
atau Ethernet Controller, artinya perangkat jaringan sudah siap digunakan.
3.
Perintah mii-tool berfungsi untuk melihat status dari interface
network dan untuk melihat apakah linknya sudah tersedia atau belum .
4.
Perintah arp
-a untuk melihat alamat NIC (Network Interface Card) dari komputer yang
terkoneksi secara langsung dengan pc atau leptop yang kita gunakan.
5.
Perintah if-config berfungsi untuk melihat interface dan alamat yang diberikan
ke interface tersebut.
6.
Perintah route –n berfungsi untuk mengatur routing static yang
menjelaskan host atau network melalui interface setelah dikonfigurasi dengan
ifconfig.
7.
Rute paket IP dari sistem ke sistem
tujuan adalah hasil dari keluaran ketika melakukan perintah traceroute
8.
Memonitor rute paket IP dari sistem ke sistem
tujuan adalah hasil dari keluaran ketika melakukan perintah mtr
9.
Mengetahui port berapa saja yang
terbuka untuk koneksi pada PC adalah hasil dari keluaran ketika melakukan
perintah netstat.
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